Although ile ilgili sözler

Don't confuse cylinder sequence with firing order. Although your engine may have its cylinders in simple numerical sequence, if the cylinders were fired in that order, the engine would rock violently as first the cylinders on one side (or toward the front) fired in rapid succession, and then the other cylinders did likewise. To avoid this, the firing order is carefully arranged to distribute the

shock of combustion evenly throughout the engine.

Take the 1998 soccer World Cup. England and Argentina had clawed their way up the ladder and were facing off for the chance to compete against the Netherlands in the quarterfinals. While international soccer rivalries are always fierce, this pairing had special resonance for the fans. Sixteen years earlier, the two countries had gone to war over the Falkland Islands. Although Britain officially

won the skirmish, many Argentines refused to acknowledge defeat. Every time the two teams subsequently met on the soccer pitch, it turned into a grudge match. This game (which featured a young David Beckham, fouling out after kicking another player in full view of the ref) ended in a tie. The winner would be decided by a penalty kick shoot-out.
One by one, the players lined up in front of the

goalie to take their shots. The score had reached Argentina 4, England 3 when the English player David Batty jogged onto the field. He took a few short sharp strides toward the ball … made contact … and sent it soaring. But between Batty’s Puma cleats and the expanse of the goalposts, the ball met the gloved fingers of goalkeeper Carlos Roa—and the winner was Argentina.
The

Argentine fans erupted in relieved, joyful mayhem. But English fans watching on TVs in pubs back home gaped in stunned horror. And that day heart attacks across the United Kingdom increased by more than 25 percent.

What veterinarians know—and physicians might not—is that flu viruses prowl many animal populations besides pigs and birds. Specific strains of dog, whale, mink, and seal flu have all been identified. Given the opportunity, they could blend with the human strain. Although these volatile viruses haven’t, as of this writing, crossed over into human populations, they are being closely tracked by

veterinary epidemiologists.
The 2009 swine flu outbreak was but the latest wave in an ocean of diseases emerging from the jungle, the factory farm, the beach, the backyard bird feeder … perhaps even the doghouse and the litter box. The avian flu scare of 2005, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) panic of 2003, the monkeypox eruption the same year, the Ebola worry of 1996, the mad

cow terror in Great Britain in the late 1980s—exotic zoonoses are nothing new. Think of a big, infectious killer and it’s probably zoonotic, spread or harbored by other animals. Malaria. Yellow fever. HIV. Rabies. Lyme disease. Toxoplasmosis. Salmonella. E. coli. These all started in animals and then jumped into our species. Some spread to us via insects like fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes.

Others move around in feces and meat. In some cases, the pathogens leave their animal reservoir, mutate, and evolve into bespoke superbugs especially tailored for human-to-human spread.
The E. coli–tainted fresh baby spinach that killed three North Americans and sickened more than two hundred in 2006 was traced to the feces of wild pigs in the fields. One of the world’s worst outbreaks of

the eerily named Q fever struck the Netherlands in the late 2000s.‡ Thirteen people died and thousands fell ill from the bacterial infection that spread to humans from infected goats on nearby farms.

A similar “strategy” may be used by the trypanosome that causes an equine disease called dourine. Infected horses, mules, and zebras suffer fever, genital swelling, lack of coordination, paralysis, and even death. Although it’s now extremely rare in North America and Europe, dourine once ravaged the cavalries of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and swept across the horse populations of southern

Russia and northern Africa. In Canada in the early twentieth century, dourine decimated Indian pony herds.
Dourine spreads when animals mate. Intriguingly, scientists and veterinarians report anecdotally that when dourine is present in a group, the libido of stallions seems to increase.
How this works may be very similar to how anther smut influences the “behavior” of flowers.

Full-blown dourine wreaks physical havoc on the animal … but the early signs of infection are more subtle. A mare may seem perfectly healthy except for a minor vaginal discharge that reveals itself as a wetness around her tail. Mares infected with dourine often keep their tails slightly raised, presumably to ease discomfort from the increased wetness.
A mare’s raised tail is also a

signal of sexual receptivity. So is something else, familiar to every horse breeder, that’s visible when the tail is up. It’s called vulval “winking.” Caused by the vulva’s contracting and releasing, vulval winking happens when a mare is in heat.

n September 2010, six teens—Raymond Chase, Cody J. Barker, William Lucas, Seth Walsh, Tyler Clementi, and Asher Brown—all died of the same cause. Although they ranged in age from thirteen to nineteen and lived in different states, their deaths were linked by one sad commonality: all six had killed themselves after being bullied.
Their deaths were added to the rolls of the several thousand

other teen suicides in the United States in 2010. Suicide is a major adolescent human health threat—among eight- to twenty-four-year-olds nationwide, it’s the third most common cause of death.
Like adults who commit suicide, teens who kill themselves usually have an underlying mental illness—in particular, depression or depressed mood. However, one familiar aspect of the adolescent

emotional profile may make this age group especially vulnerable to suicide: their increased impulsivity. With access to physical and pharmacological weapons of self-destruction, an impulsive teen can tip a difficult situation into a deadly one.
Psychological “autopsies,” the extensive interviews and investigations conducted by psychiatrists after suicides, have shown that the triggers for

teen suicide are remarkably similar across cases. Loss—such as the death of a close friend or family member. Or a best friend’s moving out of town, especially for teens who have few friends. Rejection—by a girl- or boyfriend. Deep embarrassment—being kicked off a team, failing an important exam, enduring a humiliating public reprimand by a teacher.
Loss, rejection, embarrassment. The

kinds of experiences that are triggers for human suicide also occur within animal groups. But animal behaviorists give them different names: isolation, exclusion, submission, and appeasement. Along with loss, rejection, and embarrassment, these terms describe the complex mixture of reactions and behaviors that contribute to the dynamics of social status within animal groups.

Almost all presidential systems (Cyprus being the one exception) place a limit on the number of consecutive terms one can be president -and some presidential systems go further by limiting individuals to one term only, that is, a president cannot ever run for re-election. This constraint has been particularly common in Latin America, existing, for example, in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Mexico.

Although this rule obviously prevents someone being in office too long, it also lessens the incentive to do a good job since one cannot be re-elected.

Furthermore, Lynch injects a caveat about the statistical meaning of the category of "Muslim," suggesting that multitudes of Christians who voluntarily or forcibly converted to Islam retained their loyalty to their ethnic origin. Here is his observations on this point:

"... Just as in the northern zone of peripheral mountains there still exist whole districts of which the inhabitants

have adopted the Mohammedan religion, but retain their essential affinity to the Greek race to which they belong, so within the statistical area of the table and among the ranks of the Mussulmans may be found considerable aggregates of people who, although of Armenian origin, profess the dominant creed. In the northern province an important instance of this change in religion rather than in

nationality is found in the district of Tortum between Erzerum and the town of Olti; the Mussulman inhabitants of that district are said to be the descendants of the ancient Armenian families who are known to have lived there within historical times."[47]

A similar assessment is made by the French author S. Zarzecki in his analysis of the Armeno-Kurdish question. As he relates:

"When the Kurds converted to Islam, many Armenian mountaineers followed their example, embraced Muhammed's faith and by commingling with the Kurds, augmented their numbers. One may assume that Armenian blood flows in the veins of a great number these fierce (farouches) Kurds who inflicted upon the Armenians such terrible sufferings in the last twenty years of Abdul Hamit's reign. When one

inquires into their origin, the Kurds themselves are quite embarrassed and give evasive answers."[48]

---
47. Lynch, Armenia [n.13], p. 417.
48. S. Zarzecki, "La question Kurdo-arménienne." Revue de Paris (15 April 1914), p. 881.

Calcitonin is secreted by several endocrine tumors (e.g., a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid); therefore, it is used as a tumor marker to monitor progress of recovery after surgical resection of the tumor. Although calcitonin is used to treat patients with several disorders associated with excess bone resorption (e.g., osteoporosis and Paget's disease), no clinical disease has been associated

with its deficiency or even its absence after total thyroidectomy (removal of thyroid gland).