Talal Abu-Ghazaleh
Talal Abu-Ghazaleh

Creating a system to protect industrial and intellectual property is a prerequisite for the transfer of technology and consequently the resurgence of national technologies.

Dean Acheson
Dean Acheson

The heads of these divisions, like barons in a feudal system weakened at the top by mutual suspicion and jealousy between king and prince, were constantly at odds if not at war…For the most part the barons were knowledgeable people performing in a way the times had completely outdated, a fact of which they were quite unaware.

Russell Ackoff
Russell Ackoff

English does not contain a suitable word for 'system of problems.' Therefore, I have had to coin one. I choose to call such a system a mess

Russell Ackoff
Russell Ackoff

A system is a set of two or more elements that satisfies the following three conditions. (1) The behavior of each element has an effect on the behavior of the whole. (2) The behavior of the elements and their effects on the whole are interdependent. the way each element behaves and the way it affects the whole depends on how at least one other element behaves. (3) However subgroups of the elements

are formed, each has an effect on the behavior of the whole and none has an independent effect on it.

Russell Ackoff
Russell Ackoff

The systems approach to problems focuses on systems taken as a whole, not on their parts taken separately. Such an approach is concerned with total- system performance even when a change in only one or a few of its parts is contemplated because there are some properties of systems that can only be treated adequately from a holistic point of view. These properties derive from the relationship

between parts of systems: how the parts interact and fit together

Russell Ackoff
Russell Ackoff

When a mess, which is a system of problems, is taken apart, it loses its essential properties and so does each of its parts. The behavior of a mess depends more on how the treatment of its parts interact than how they act independently of each other. A partial solution to a whole system of problems is better than whole solutions of each of its parts taken separately.

Russell Ackoff
Russell Ackoff

A system is more than the sum of its parts; it is an indivisible whole.

Russell Ackoff
Russell Ackoff

Analysis of a system reveals its structure and how it works. It provides the knowledge required to make it work efficiently and to repair it when it stops working. Its product is know-how, knowledge, not understanding. To enable a system to perform effectively we must understand it—we must be able to explain its behavior—and this requires being aware of its functions in the larger systems of

which it is a part.

Russell Ackoff
Russell Ackoff

A system is more than the sum of its parts; it is an indivisible whole. It loses its essential properties when it is taken apart. The elements of a system may themselves be systems, and every system may be part of a larger system.

Russell Ackoff
Russell Ackoff

The basic managerial idea introduced by systems thinking, is that to manage a system effectively, you might focus on the interactions of the parts rather than their behavior taken separately.