You need a continuous picture of how things are evolving, and not a slow series of snapshots where you don't know how frame A is related to frame B.
What was shocking to us was that by spreading the energy out across seven beams instead of one, the phototoxicity went way down.
We can track and see the production of single molecules, trace them and see how they assemble into structures.
The question was, 'Is there a way of minimizing the amount of damage you're doing so that you can then study cells in a physiological manner while also studying them at high spatial and temporal resolution for a long time?'
There are many cells you could look at forever in 3D.
It's nice to be able to look at one protein, but life is driven by the interactions between proteins, so it's really essential to be able to see multiple proteins at a time to understand these interactions.
In essence, we're imaging the same cell for anywhere from forty to a hundred thousand times to create one of the movies that we see.
I really didn't like the academic structure of science, but I realized I loved science and missed science.
There's always something that an engineer can do to make microscopes better.
Honestly, I feel you are poisoned if you read too much of the scientific literature because it makes you start thinking like other people. You're better off having a vague sense of what's going on and making your own way.
It always irritated me that people think they have to be locked into a career path.
I'm spoiled. All of my adult jobs have left me with complete freedom to come up with what I wanted.
Frankly, I guess, I don't really understand why people, why so many people, are so risk averse. You know, there's always ways to wiggle your way out of any situation if you're motivated enough.
Every new invention is like a baby. You think it may cure cancer or become the president, but in the end, you're happy it just stays out of jail.
Sometimes I make an analogy that each scientific paper is like putting out another record. And some people have careers that are nothing but a one-hit wonder. And then there are people who are only appreciated by aficionados but largely forgotten by the wider community.
Science goes through fads, and there are big ups and crashes.
I don't like saying 'no' to people, and I'm going to have to learn how to say 'no' more.
In my opinion, the only real asset one has is one's reputation, right? I mean, any company and institution can go belly up at any time. But if you have a good reputation, you know, you can usually find somebody who can - who thinks they can use what you have to offer.
Chemistry was always my weakest subject in high school and college.
The eventual goal is to marry all of my work together to make a high-speed, high-resolution, low-impact tool that can look deep inside biological systems.
